Sweden: Restrictive Immigration Policy Threatens Gay And Lesbian Iranians With
Deportation, Death
The International Gay and Lesbian Human
Rights Commission (IGLHRC)
Emergency Response Network
Volume VII, Number 4, pt 2, 1998
The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (IGLHRC)
1360 Mission Street, Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA
Telephone: +1-415-255-8680
Fax: +1-415-255-8662
Email: iglhrc@iglhrc.org
Early this year, the Swedish government set a dangerous precedent in settling an
important asylum case involving a gay man from Iran. Now that precedent may be used to
expel a number of gay Iranians from Sweden, to face imprisonment or death at home.
Swedish asylum policy is governed by the Aliens Act of 1989. An amendment which came
into effect in 1997 (Chapter 3, paragraph 3.3) explicitly includes gays and lesbians as a
protected category, offering asylum to any person "who due to her/his sex or
homosexuality experiences a well-founded fear of persecution."
However, according to Stig-Ake Petersson, asylum coordinator of the Swedish Federation
for Lesbian and Gay Rights (RFSL), the specific language has in fact tightened rather than
broadened the opportunities for receiving asylum based on sexual orientation. The
authorities' interpretation of the term "well-founded fear of persecution" has
in practice been extremely restrictive. The term, according to Petersson, is taken to
require each applicant to produce court documents from their home country demonstrating
that she or he is currently under legal investigation for homosexuality as a criminal
offense.
The first person to receive asylum based on sexual orientation after the explicit
inclusion of homosexuality in the 1997 legislation was a gay man from Iran. His case had
been pending since 1994. According to the applicant, shortly after his arrival in Sweden,
Iranian police had searched his former domicile and found evidence of his homosexuality.
They had informed his parents that, if they found their son, they would execute him as
they had already done with his former lover.
In deciding on his case, the Swedish Government found that, in Iran, homosexuals do not
face persecution solely on the basis of their sexual orientation, but only on the basis of
the practice of their sexuality. The Government further claimed that the death penalty for
sodomy is no longer enforced in Iran--although reports indicated that it had been carried
out as recently as November 1997. However, in May 1998, the Government nonetheless granted
asylum to the individual applicant, recognizing that the publicity surrounding his case
might place him at risk on his return, while denying that his homosexuality per se might
endanger him.
The Government's precedent-setting finding about the absence of persecution in Iran,
however, creates impediments to the cases of a number of other gay and lesbian Iranians
still awaiting decisions on their asylum applications in Sweden. A recent decision by the
Aliens Appeals Board has made it likely that most of these applicants will not be granted
residence permits in Sweden, and will be repatriated to Iran.
RFSL contends that Swedish immigration policy is placing these persons' lives in
extreme danger. It asks for urgent letters of protest to the Swedish Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and the Aliens Appeals Board. These letters should refer to Case UN 98-05283. They
should remind the Government that there is strong reason to suppose that gay and lesbian
Iranians repatriated to their home country will face not only social ostracism but
criminal penalties ranging from cruel and unusual physical punishment to imprisonment and
death. They should also remind the Government that unreasonable requirements upon
applicants to produce documentary evidence of their own legal situations are simply
unnecessary: they can only detract attention from the substantial and credible evidence of
a climate of homophobic persecution existing in Iran. They should remind the Government
that Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights--which in this, the fiftieth
anniversary of its promulgation, has achieved the unquestioned status of customary
international law--guarantees that "Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in
other countries asylum from persecution." The Government's attempts to deny this
right by irrationally burdensome bureaucratic requirements threaten to situate it outside
the pale of open and civil polities.
Direct your letters to:
Aliens Appeals Board (Utlänningsnämnden)
Box 45102 104 30
STOCKHOLM
Telefax: 46-8-30 15 39
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Utrikesdepartementet)
Pierre Schori 103 39
STOCKHOLM
Telefax: 46-8-723 11 76
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